Quantitat ive genetic tests of herbivory theory reveal tlzat in some cases insect kerbivores impose selectioti on resistance traits. Host plant resistance and insect pest management in chickpea. Article pdf available in biological agriculture and horticulture 1. Host plant resistance hpr to insects is an effective, economical, and environment friendly method of pest control. However, if they are available, resistant varieties can be an effective. Breeding of hairy cottons in africa and asia to combat the jassids empoasca spp. Host plant resistance is an environmentalfriendly, costeffective and sustainable pest management option for minimizing the pests incidence and severity. Macrae its been a busy week for mejust two days after doing a presentation on tiger beetles to the webster groves nature societys entomology group, i. Jan 16, 2017 plant volatiles emitted in the air close to the plant surface may act as repellents for insects and affect host selection. Host plant resistance is an economical and environmentfriendly method of insect pest and disease management. Hostplant resistance is the inherited ability of a plant species to resist attack by pests or diseases, or to be able to tolerate damage caused by these biological agents. Host resistance hosts may be less susceptible to attack due to antibiosis and antixenosis or may yield well despite attack due to tolerance.
Abstract transgenic host plant resistance to insect pests is currently based on genes coding for single toxic chemicals transferred from nonrelated organisms. Concepts in insect hostplant selection behavior and their application to host specificity testing. The first line of plant defense against insect pests is the erection of a physical barrier either through the formation of a waxy cuticle, andor the development of spines, setae, and trichomes. Types and mechanisms of host plant resistance to insect.
The most attractive feature of hpr is that farmers virtually do not need any skill in application techniques, and there is no cash investment by the resource poor farmers. Resistance to insect pests and diseases should be given as much emphasis as yield to identify new varieties and hybrids for cultivation by the farmers sharma and ortiz, 2002. Fritz genetic techniques clave yielded new itisighfs into plant herbivore coevolution. The implication is that insects with a longterm association with a hostplant species have the genetic plasticity to overcome defense strategies of the host plant. Insect plant interactions and host plant resistanceram singh and g. Transgenic host plant resistance to insectssome reservations. The evolutionary ecology of insect resistance to plant. Host plant resistance to insects in searchworks catalog. Although crop yields and effectiveness of insect control vary among bt hybrids and transgenic technologies, bt plants generally are very effective for controlling. An understanding of the behavioral processes involved in selection of a host plant. The use of plant resistance for managing arthropod pests in rice illustrates many aspects of the use of hostplant resistance in pest management. The broad coverage includes crop plant and insect diversity, mechanisms of insect plant interactions, host plant selection, components of resistance, the biochemical basis for resistance, mechanisms of resistance, factors affecting expression of resistance, screening techniques for resistance, the role of insect. In this way transgenic crops that integrate host plant resistance with. That is, resistance in plants that evolved with an insect could be susceptible to being overcome by genetic changes in the insect pest.
Introduction host plant resistance is a plant that possess special features or characteristic that enable the plant to protect itself from any pest that attack it especially insects or microbes. Biophysical bases of resistance in plants to insects pala ram ram singh and g. There is a research on modelling the effects of host plant resistance on plant disease epidemics. Host plant resistance and conservation of genetic diversity.
Host plant specialization in insects posted on january 24, 2019 by ted c. It shows how plants can defend themselves naturally and how insects have adapted to overcome these mechanisms through coevolution. Nearly 150 insect species have backbone of pest management in sorghum. However, if they are available, resistant varieties can be an effective defense against insect pests.
Lecture 16 host plant resistance definition types and. Escape absence of infestation or injury to host plant due to transitory process like incomplete infestation. Host plant resistance techniques to screen for resistance to insect pests. Varying levels of resistance to insects occur naturally in host plant. Hpr has been used successfully in a number of major crop species to help control damage inflicted by major insect pests.
In contrast, there has been much less use of this method for the. Intercropping with highly aromatic plants may imitate this type of non. Synthetic insecticides, agronomic practices, nuclear polyhedrosis virus, entomopathogenic fungi, bacteria and natural plant products have been evaluated as components of pest management in chickpea. Other original research papers in this volume focus on the roles of secondary metabolites in plant resistance to insects and nematodes. Over the past five decades, a large proportion of the world sorghum germplasm collection has been evaluated for resistance to insect pests, and a number of lines with resistance to. Pdf host plant resistance and insect pest management in. Biophysical bases of resistance in plants to insectspala ram ram singh and g.
Host resistance may be to the insects that vector the pathogen or whose feeding activities allow access of. Jun 08, 2016 plant pubescence insects with piercing and sucking mouth parts are deterred from feeding on hairy plants or vascular bundles. Structural defenses includes morphological and anatomical traits that confer a fitness. Plant defense against herbivory or host plant resistance hpr describes a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores.
However, the central link of host plant finding, thought. Key words vegetables, host plant resistance, integrated pest management. On the whole, host plant resistance hpr to insects has been the most successful and widely used method of control. Resistance to insects in heterozygous crops such as maize is often quantitatively inherited so that effects of single resistance genes or factors are hard to identify. Pdf host plant resistance to insects of legume crops r p. Pyramids of qtls enhance hostplant resistance and bt.
There is a huge variation in metabolites among the accessions, some correlated to resistance analysis of an f2 population showed a major qtl for. Biochemical bases of resistance in plants to insectsramesh arora and g. Integration of host plant resistance and biological. Traits conferring host plant resistance hpr to insects and pathogens are among the most important for crop improvement. By understanding the mechanisms of induced resistance, we can predict the herbivores that are likely to be affected by induced responses. Once the basic outlines of the pestcrop interaction are understood, the initial step in using hostplant resistance in a management programme is the evaluation screening of crop germplasm to identify genotypes lines, accessions, cultivars, etc. It also describes screening and breeding for insect resistance. Fungicide and bactericide efficacy may change with. This text presents a broad overview of host plant resistance to insect pests. Plant volatiles emitted in the air close to the plant surface may act as repellents for insects and affect host selection. Insect resistance has also been introduced into several.
Heptenophos more uniform, within range for standard strains up to 4fold resistance. In addition, pest resistance insect infestans may pose possible devastation of the crop. Induced resistance increase in resistance temporarily as a result of some changed conditions of plants or environment such as change in the amount of water or nutrient status of soil c. Antibiosis, antixenosis, host plant resistance, pod borer complex, screening, sucking pests. The development of hostplant resistance to insect pests. Host plant selection by insects is often divided into host plant finding.
Host plant resistance should form the to insect pest damage. Host plant resistance for insect control in some important crop plants. Plant resistance to insects is a natural phenomenon based on plant selfdefense mechanisms. Besides, environmental problems are also associated with the indiscriminate use of insecticide.
Gurdev s khush this text presents a broad overview of host plant resistance to insect pests. Evaluation of ars program on alternative methods of insect. The overuse and misuse of insecticides some four decades ago created major environmental problems and was followed by the development of an integrated pest management approach to crop pests. Hostplant resistance in pest management sciencedirect. The use of plant resistance for managing arthropod pests in rice illustrates many aspects of the use of host plant resistance in pest management. Be sure to check out the pdf version for fabulous insect photography the botanists among us. These topics are the foundation of most host plant resistance courses. Elaborative studies on host plant resistance to insect pest in pulse crops are restricted to few important pulse crops only viz. The broad coverage includes crop plant and insect diversity, mechanisms of insectplant interactions, host plant selection, components of resistance, the biochemical basis for resistance, mechanisms of resistance, factors affecting expression of resistance, screening techniques for resistance, the role of insect. Grain yields on farmers fields in the semiarid tropics identification and utilization of sources of resistance sat are generally low 500 to 800 kg ha1 mainly due to insect pests. Conclusionson thrips resistance good resistance sources identified. Although, the bt genes conferring resistance to insects have been inserted into several crop plants, genetically transformed cotton, maize, rice, tomato, and potato for the management of insect pests with bt genes alone or.
Host plant resistance importance disease resistance, tolerance, susceptibility and disease escape. Host plant resistance against insect pests in pepper and tomato ben vosman asian solanaceousround table 2017. Additionally, the opportunity for utilizing new insect. It results from insectplant coevolution and is crucial for their coexistence. Host plant resistance to insect pests of cowpea vigna.
Paradigm shifts in research on host plant resistance to. Immunization systemic acquired resistance host plant resistance a physiological deviation from the normal functioning of the organism i. This book presents a broad overview of host plant resistance to insect pests. Induced resistance, or resistance triggered by prior herbivore attack, has a number of potential uses in crop protection that are only now beginning to be explored. Mechanisms of plant defense against insect herbivores. Host plant resistance definition types and mechanisms ecological and genetic resistance host plant resistance hpr definition those characters that enable a plant to avoid, tolerate or recover from attacks of insects under conditions that would cause greater injury to other plants of the same. Host plant resistance against insect pests in pepper and tomato. Host plant resistance hpr to insects was reported in the 18th century, but concentrated efforts to search for and develop resistant crop varieties did not begin until the 1900s, and widespread recognition of the potential of hpr as a means of reducing populations of pest insects was even slower. Host plant resistance to insects, particularly, induced resistance, can also be manipulated with the use of chemical elicitors of secondary metabolites, which confer resistance to insects.
Entomology theses and dissertations entomology iowa state. During plant domestication, some important features of plant resistance may be inadvertantly removed by. In contrast, there has been much less use of this method for the management of insect pests in commercial vegetable production smith 1989. Host plant resistance to insects in integrated pest. Relative to a susceptible plant, disease resistance is the reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant and hence a reduction of disease, while the term disease tolerance describes plants that exhibit little disease damage. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise cambridge core to connect with your account. A historical account of plant resistance terminology is presented. Resistance morphological resistance hairs, spines, hook, sticky glands, immobilizing insects or puncturing their body wall chemical resistance. Fritz genetic techniques clave yielded new itisighfs into plantherbivore coevolution. Rather than finding insects to attack the pests, breeders look for genetic traits or combinations of traits that reduce an organisms susceptibility to attack or injury by its insect pests. Identification and utilization of sources of resistance to insect pests.
Understanding the impact of management strategies and relevant spatial scales on western corn rootworm resistance to cry3bb1, coy ray st. Efforts are also underway to utilize molecular techniques to increase the levels of resistance to pod borer. Although some farmers use their own seeds from landrace varieties, others have rapidly adopted new, improved varieties. Concepts in insect hostplant selection behavior and their. The role of host plant resistance in insect pest mis. The precise methods used in screening depend, of course, on the biology of the croppest interaction and on. Breeding plants or animals for resistance to insects is really just another form of biological pest control. The search for more sustainable methods of pest control, make hostplant resistance more attractive every day. This approach utilizes a combination of host plant resistance. The most attractive feature of hpr is that farmers virtually do not need any. Although crop yields and effectiveness of insect control vary among bt hybrids and transgenic technologies, bt plants generally are very effective for controlling target insects especially european corn borer. Host plant resistance and tolerance to insect pests eorganic. The implication is that insects with a longterm association with a host plant species have the genetic plasticity to overcome defense strategies of the host plant.
Abstract testing the host specificity of potential agents is an important part of biocontrol methodology. Pdf host plant resistance to insects of legume crops r. Host plant resistance for insect control in some important. Insect plant interactions and host plant resistance ram singh and g. Host plant resistance should form the backbone of pest management in sorghum. Plant disease resistance protects plants from pathogens in two ways. A fundamental component of ipm radcliffes ipm world textbook host plant resistance hpr to insect pests is considered one of the key tactics for insect control, particularly in developing countries where utilization of other control methods such as pesticides is often difficult or unwise. Crop varieties resistant to insects are far less common than diseaseresistant varieties, because plant breeders have traditionally focused more on disease resistance. Two papers from georg janders laboratory combine qtl and phytochemical analyses to examine the roles of secondary metabolites in maize resistance to. While physiological changes in host plants may result in higher disease resistance under climate change scenarios, host resistance to disease may be overcome more quickly by more rapid disease cycles, resulting in a greater chance of pathogens evolving to overcome host plant resistance.
Host plant resistance against insect pests in pepper and. Types and mechanisms of host plant resistance to insect attack volume 6 issue 3 b. Insecticides have been in use indiscriminately leading to the acquisition of resistance inadvertently in insects to all groups of. A fundamental component of ipm radcliffes ipm world textbook hostplant resistance hpr to insect pests is considered one of the key tactics for insect control, particularly in developing countries where utilization of other control methods. Host resistance is important in reducing cost of pest control, may help protect environment by reducing pesticide use, and may help alleviate the onset of pesticide resistance. Host plant resistance importance disease resistance. There is probably no crop into which pathogen resistance has not been widely introduced using genes obtained from the international ex situ germplasmcollections. Impact of host plant health and host plant resistance on aphis glycines hemiptera. The ability to develop insectresistant cultivars, use of markerassisted selection, and development of transgenic plants with insect resistance depends on the precision of resistance screening techniques. Plants can sense being touched, and they can use several strategies to defend against damage caused by herbivores. Horizontal and vertical resistance method of management of resistance. Development of screening methods to identify host plant resistance to insects requires understanding the. Host plant resistance and tolerance to insect pests.
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